Public Cemetery as a Bird Habitat in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Birds are opportunistic creatures that are able to actively fly can choose their habitat and find it in urban areas because of the large number of palm trees and flowering trees for ornamental or other shade. Birds can live anywhere in urban including in cemetery. The research objective was to determine. the use of public cemetery in Yogyakarta City as a bird habitat. The study was conducted in May-June and September 2016 with a sample of 20 public cemeteries in 9 Sub-Districts of Yogyakarta City. Diversity of bird data retrieval used Point of Abundance Index method, species bird identification using field guide book and analyzed by the Shannon-Wiener Index. Types of guild were directly observed and were determined based on a review of literature and the proportion of bird communities based on the type of guild were analyzed with modified use of importance value index. Conservation status were determined according to government regulation and IUCN 2012. Nesting and foraging were observed directly and analyzed descriptively. Vegetation data collection using the quadrat sampling plot method and analyzed descriptively. Based on this study there were 22 species from 14 families, with a low Shannon-Wiener diversity index value H = 1.99. The threat status for all birds found according to the IUCN 2012 is included in the Least Concern (LC), and there are 3 protected species, namely olive-backed sunbird honey (Ciimyris jugularis), javan kingfisher (Halcyon cyanoventris) and collared kings fisher (Todirhmapus chloris). The composition of birds is based on the type of feed with 3 highest values of graminivorous 42.52%, insectivores 28.65%, and omnivores 18.01%. Then 44 types of plants were found in 23 families, with the three most common types including kambodia (Plunieria alba), puring (Cochnewn variegatuni), and nagasari (Mesua ferrea) with a diversity index value at a moderate level H = 2.5. The bird community is positively correlated with vegetation but has a very weak relationship. Several species of birds were observed building nests, incubating in nests, and raising their chicks. Birds use cemetery as for nesting, foraging, and perch or loaf.