A broad diversity in oxygen affinity to haemoglobin

Oxygen affinity to haemoglobin is indicated by the p50 value (pO(2) at 50% O(2)Hb) and critically determines cellular oxygen availability. Although high Hb-O-2 affinity can cause tissue hypoxia under conditions of well O-2 saturated blood, individual differences in p50 are commonly not considered in clinical routine. Here, we investigated the diversity in Hb-O-2 affinity in the context of physiological relevance. Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curves (ODCs) of 60 volunteers (18-40 years, both sexes, either endurance trained or untrained) were measured at rest and after maximum exercise (VO(2)max) test. At rest, p50 values of all participants ranged over 7 mmHg. For comparison, right shift of ODC after VO(2)max test, representing the maximal physiological range to release oxygen to the tissue, indicated a p50 difference of up to 10 mmHg. P50 at rest differs significantly between women and men, with women showing lower Hb-O-2 affinity that is determined by higher 2,3-BPG and BPGM levels. Regular endurance exercise did not alter baseline Hb-O-2 affinity. Thus, p50 diversity is already high at baseline level and needs to be considered under conditions of impaired tissue oxygenation. For fast prediction of Hb-O-2 affinity by blood gas analysis, only venous but not capillary blood samples can be recommended.