Clinical and socio-demographic profile of neurosyphilis: a retrospective study in a reference centre in Colombia

Introduction. Neurosyphilis is the Treponema pallidum infection of the central nervous system and can occur at any time after the initial infection. In the 21st century, the incidence of neurosyphilis has increased in the post-antibiotic era. The highest rates of neurosyphilis are from low-income countries and the published studies are limited. Aim. To determine the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of neurosyphilis patients in a tertiary care center in Pereira, Colombia. Patients and methods. Retrospective study of diagnosed neurosyphilis patients in a tertiary care center in Pereira, Colombia, between 2012 to 2017. The diagnosis was established based on serologic treponemal tests, VDRL in CSF, and CSF analysis. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters variables were obtained. Results. Sixteen patients were included, 11 with definitive neurosyphilis and 5 with probable neurosyphilis. The median age was 59.50 +/- 13.78 years. Men accounted for 75% (n = 12) of the patients. Four patients were (25%) HIV-infected. All the patients had positive peripheral FTA-ABS and 11 had reactive VDRL in CSF. The most frequent form was late neurosyphilis (62.5%), being general paralysis the most common. The most frequently clinical manifestations were neuropsychiatric alterations (46.9%), predominantly disorientation, behavioral changes, and cognitive impairment, followed by motor changes (36.7%). Conclusions. Late neurosyphilis was the most prevalent form, predominantly neuropsychiatric alterations. Only a quarter of patients presented HIV coinfection.