Short communication: Identifying challenges and opportunities for improved nutrient management through the USDA's Dairy Agroecosystem Working Group

被引：28

作者：

Holly, M. A. ^{[1
]}

Kleinman, P. J. ^{[1
]}

Bryant, R. B. ^{[1
]}

Bjorneberg, D. L. ^{[2
]}

Rotz, C. A. ^{[1
]}

Baker, J. M. ^{[3
]}

Boggess, M., V ^{[4
]}

Brauer, D. K. ^{[5
]}

Chintala, R. ^{[6
]}

Feyereisen, G. W. ^{[3
]}

Gamble, J. D. ^{[3
]}

Leytem, A. B. ^{[2
]}

Reed, K. F. ^{[4
]}

Vadas, P. A. ^{[4
]}

Waldrip, H. M. ^{[5
]}

机构：

[1] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16803 USA

[2] USDA ARS, Northwest Irrigat & Soils Res Unit, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA

[3] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA

[4] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[5] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA

[6] Innovat Ctr US Dairy, Rosemont, IL 60018 USA

来源：

JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE | 2018年 / 101卷 / 07期

关键词：

dairy; nutrient management; phosphorus; nitrogen; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; PHOSPHORUS RUNOFF; GASEOUS EMISSIONS; GRAZED GRASSLAND; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; POULTRY LITTER; MANURE; FARMS;

D O I：

10.3168/jds.2017-13819

中图分类号：

S8 [畜牧、动物医学、狩猎、蚕、蜂];

学科分类号：

0905 ;

摘要：

Nutrient management on US dairy farms must balance an array of priorities, some of which conflict. To illustrate nutrient management challenges and opportunities across the US dairy industry, the USDA Agricultural Research Service Dairy Agroecosystems Working Group (DAWG) modeled 8 confinement and 2 grazing operations in the 7 largest US dairy-producing states using the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM). Opportunities existed across all of the dairies studied to increase on-farm feed production and lower purchased feed bills, most notably on large dairies (>1,000 cows) with the highest herd densities. Purchased feed accounted for 18 to 44% of large dairies' total operating costs compared with 7 to 14% on small dairies (<300 milk cows) due to lower stocking rates. For dairies with larger land bases, in addition to a reduction in environmental impact, financial incentives exist to promote prudent nutrient management practices by substituting manure nutrients or legume nutrients for purchased fertilizers. Environmental priorities varied regionally and were principally tied to facility management for dry-lot dairies of the semi-arid western United States (ammonia-N emissions), to manure handling and application for humid midwestern and eastern US dairies (nitrate-N leaching and P runoff), and pasture management for dairies with significant grazing components (nitrous oxide emissions). Many of the nutrient management challenges identified by DAWG are beyond slight modifications in management and require coordinated solutions to ensure an environmentally and economically sustainable US dairy industry.

引用

页码：6632 / 6641

页数：10