Dynamic economic dispatch of a microgrid: Mathematical models and solution algorithm

Dynamic economic dispatch of a microgrid is better suited to the requirements of a system in actual operation because it not only considers the lowest cost in a scheduling cycle but also coordinates between different distribution generations (DGs) over many periods. So it is very significant to research the dynamic economic dispatch of a microgrid. Since wind energy and solar energy are subject to random variations and intervals, there is great difficulty in solving the dynamic economic dispatch. In this paper, we establish a combined heat and power (CHP) microgrid system which includes wind turbines (WT), photovoltaic arrays (PV), diesel engines (DE), a micro-turbine (MT), a fuel cell (FC) and a battery (BS). Comprehensively considering the operation cost and the pollutant treatment cost of the microgrid system, we choose the maximum comprehensive benefits as the objective function for the dynamic economic dispatch. At the same time, we establish the spinning reserve probability constraints of the microgrid considering the influence of uncertainty factors such as the fluctuation of the renewable energy, load fluctuation error, and fault shutdown of the unit. Also researched are four different operation scheduling strategies under grid-connected mode and island mode of the microgrid. An improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm combined with Monte Carlo simulation is used to solve the objective function. With the example system, the proposed models and improved algorithm are verified. When the microgrid is running under the grid-connected mode, we discuss the influence of different scheduling strategies, optimization goals and reliability indexes on the dynamic economic dispatch. And when the microgrid is running under the island mode, we discuss the influence of the uncertainty factors and the capacity of the battery on the dynamic economic dispatch. The presented research can provide some reference for dynamic economic dispatch of microgrid on making full use of renewable energy and improving the microgrid system reliability. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.