Continuum and ground structure topology methods for concept design of structures

The performance of continuum topology and ground structure topology methods are studied here for their utility and efficiency in concept design of structures. The continuum topology method is formulated using a volume-fraction/powerlaw framework and solved using sequential linear programming, whereas the ground structure method is formulated using discrete truss elements and solved using a genetic algorithm. The two alternative methods are exercised in the design of a plane truss to carry a system of static loads, and their results are compared in terms of realism and utility as well as their associated computational expenses.