Higher triglycerides, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and higher systolic blood pressure in lipoprotein lipase-deficient heterozygotes - A preliminary report

Background Heterozygous lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency has been associated with familial hypertriglyceridemia and familial combined hyperlipidemia. Studies of heterozygotes with LPL gene defects at amino acid residues 188 and 207 showed higher triglycerides (TG) and lower HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), with no elevation in LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). Other LPL defects may reveal alternate clinical phenotypes. Methods and Results We evaluated three families with defects at amino acid residues 64, 194, and 188. Thirty-eight heterozygotes (8 with defect 64, 14 with defect 194, and 16 with defect 188) and 95 family members without defects were studied. Plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein (ape) values were measured, as well as blood pressure. Pooled carriers demonstrated higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) (127 versus 116 mm Hg, P<.0001) and TG (160 versus 125 mg/dL, P=.004) and lower HDL-C (44 versus 52 mg/dL, P=.001) than did noncarriers. A comparison of the 188 carriers and noncarriers revealed the most striking phenotypic characteristics, with lower HDL-C (36 versus 51 mg/dL, P<.0001) and HDL-C/(apo A-I + apo A-II) (0.21 versus 0.24, P=.002) and higher TG (206 versus 123 mg/dL, P=.0003), SBP (132 versus 116 mm Hg, P=.0004), and apo B/LDL-C (1.12 versus 0.93, P<.0001). Conclusions These data confirm past observations that LPL deficient heterozygotes trend toward lower HDL-C and higher TG levels while potentially expressing higher SBP. These data also implicate the specific LPL gene defect as a contributing factor to the variable expression of HDL-C, TG, and SBP.