Concordance of children's intake of selected food groups as reported by parents via 24-h dietary recall and ecological momentary assessment

Objective: To understand how dietary intake data collected via a brief ecological momentary assessment (EMA) measure compares to that of data collected via interviewer-administered 24-h dietary recalls, and explore differences in level of concordance between these two assessment types by individual- and meal-level characteristics. Design: Parents completed three 24-h dietary recalls and 8 d of brief EMA surveys on behalf of their child; in total, there were 185 d where dietary intake data from both EMA and 24-h recall were available. The EMA measure asked parents to indicate whether (yes/no) their child had consumed any of the nine total food items (e.g. fruit, vegetable, etc.) at eating occasions where both the child and parent were present. Setting: Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were completed in person in the study participant's home; participants completed EMA surveys using a study provided in iPad or their personal cell phone. Participants: A diverse, population-based sample of parent-child dyads (n 150). Results: Among meals reported in both the EMA and dietary recalls, concordance of reporting of specific types of food ranged from moderate agreement for meat (kappa = 0 center dot 55); fair agreement for sweets (kappa = 0 center dot 38), beans/nuts (kappa = 0 center dot 37), dairy (kappa = 0 center dot 31), fruit (kappa = 0 center dot 31) and vegetables (kappa = 0 center dot 27); and little to no agreement for refined grains, whole grains and sweetened beverages (73 % overall agreement; kappa = 0 center dot 14). Concordance of reporting was highest for breakfast and snacks, as compared with other eating occasions. Higher concordance was observed between the two measures if the meal occurred at home. Conclusions: Data suggest that among meals reported in both the EMA and dietary recalls, concordance in reporting was reasonably good for some types of food but only fair or poor for others.