MUTATION BREEDING PROTOCOL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF DROUGHT-TOLERANT GENOTYPES IN PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L. USING IN-VITRO EMBRYO CULTURE TECHNIQUES

In this study, it was aimed to develop a drought-tolerant common bean genotype by using mutation breeding. A standard common bean cultivar (Oz Ayse), commonly grown, was used in the study. Firstly, different gamma doses (100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500 Gray - source Co-60) were applied to the seeds and 172.74 Gy was determined as the proper dose. Later, the seeds were irradiated with the proper dose and 10% below and above. Embryo culture technique was applied on irradiated seeds and the obtained plants were grown up to M1V3 stage. Shoot tips from these plants were cultured at -0.60 MPa drought stress, which was determined as the threshold value for the cultivar used. 2978 of the irradiated 6000 seeds germinated and 1363 of them transferred to the M1V3 stage, formed healthy and rooted plants. As a result of the -0.60 MPa drought application, a total of 60 plants were obtained for all three irradiation doses and transferred to acclimatization conditions. Three putative genotypes, which are considered to be tolerant of drought stress under acclimatization conditions, were obtained. The results show that the embryo culture technique in common bean is more successful than using seeds for obtaining healthy plants in in-vitro conditions and that putative plants can be directly selected for the purpose by using less time and area with mutation breeding.