Simplified micro-modelling of masonry cross vaults: stereotomy and interface issues

The importance and the relevance of masonry cross vaults is evident in churches, palaces and cloisters of almost all European countries. However, despite their relevance and long-lasting history, which prove an accurate design with respect to gravitational loads, their seismic behaviour is still poorly understood. In this regard, the present work deals with the finite element micro-modelling analysis of masonry cross vaults subjected to horizontal loads. Assuming the blocks rigid-infinitely resistant, the interface represents the only source of physical nonlinearities. Consequently, block interlocking assumes a capital importance, here discussed in the light of the ancient rules of thumb. From the computational point of view, the mechanical properties of the interface are assessed by means of a sensitivity analysis. Comparisons between numerical and experimental results available in literature are presented in terms of ultimate strength capacity and failure mechanisms.