Mathematical modeling of toxic pollutants dispersion from large tank fires and assessment of acute effects for fire fighters

The paper presents a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach to major - hazard studies, by applying a finite-domain technique to predict the dispersion of combustion products (CO, SO2 smoke Volatile Organic Compounds, VOC, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAH etc) from fuel-tank fires as well as the toxic plume rise. Furthermore, a methodology is presented for the identification of risk zones for the first respondents (fire fighters). Numerical simulations were performed with the use of the SIMPLEST algorithm, a second-order accurate MUSCL scheme with deferred correction for the convective terms in the momentum equations, CUPID for the convective terms in the scalar conservation equations, and a modified, RNG k-epsilon, two-equation turbulence model. Radiation was computed by a discrete transfer model. Various scenarios were examined and the results are presented and discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.