Bounds on the ground state energy: Application of the variational principle

被引：0

作者：

Bhattacharyya, Bibhas ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Jadavpur Univ, Dept Phys, Kolkata 700032, India

来源：

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS | 2009年 / 77卷 / 01期

关键词：

exchange interactions (electron); ground states; harmonic oscillators; Ising model; physics education; variational techniques; BOND-CHARGE INTERACTION; WAVE-FUNCTION; HUBBARD-MODEL;

D O I：

10.1119/1.2998200

中图分类号：

G40 [教育学];

学科分类号：

040101 ; 120403 ;

摘要：

The variational principle is revisited in the context of finding the upper and lower bounds to the ground state energy. It is shown how the variational principle can be employed to find the lower bound by partitioning the Hamiltonian into several parts. We demonstrate how the variational principle can be used to find the exact ground states in some special cases. We consider the harmonic oscillator and the Ising Hamiltonian on a bipartite lattice which are familiar yet instructive examples for students.

引用

页码：44 / 47

页数：4

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