Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ureter: A case report and literature review

Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the ureter is a rare entity, with few cases reported in the literature. These tumors are usually locally aggressive and are associated with a poor prognosis due to the thin walls of the ureter. This is the case report of a 69-year-old male patient who presented with left flank pain and gross hematuria. Following diagnosis of ureteral carcinoma, nephroureterectomy was performed. Postoperatively, the patient refused chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and succumbed to extensive metastases after 12 months of follow-up. The aim of the present study was to provide a literature review of NEC and its clinical and pathological characteristics, diagnostic methods and latest modifications in therapy.