Before, during and after megafaunal extinctions: Human impact on Pleistocene-Holocene trophic networks in South Patagonia

被引:13
|
作者
Pires, Mathias M. [1 ]
Rindel, Diego [2 ]
Moscardi, Bruno [3 ]
Cruz, Livia R. [1 ]
Guimaraes, Paulo R., Jr. [4 ]
dos Reis, Sergio F. [1 ]
Ivan Perez, S. [5 ]
机构
[1] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Biol Anim, BR-13083862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
[2] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Nacl Antropol & Pensamiento Latinoamer, C1426BJN, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
[3] Univ Nacl La Plata, Fac Ciencias Nat & Museo, Div Antropol, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina
[4] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Ecol, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil
[5] Univ Nacl La Plata, Fac Ciencias Nat & Museo, Div Antropol, CONICET, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina
关键词
Late quaternary extinctions; Faunal diversity; Human arrival; Food webs; Indirect effects; Southern south America; Ecological paleocommunities; LIFE-HISTORY; CLIMATE;
D O I
10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106696
中图分类号
P9 [自然地理学];
学科分类号
0705 ; 070501 ;
摘要
Worldwide extinctions of large terrestrial vertebrates in the late Pleistocene provide insight on how humans reshape ecological communities. Understanding the ecological causes and consequences of megafaunal extinctions requires integrating approaches to reconstruct the ecological communities from the past. Here, we combined archeological and paleontological evidence with network analyses to understand the changes in ecological communities from late Pleistocene to the Holocene in South Patagonia, the last continental region where the encounter between humans and extinct megafauna occurred. The zooarcheological record suggests humans would have interacted mainly with large-bodied species, which comprise a small subset of the available prey. Accordingly, using network reconstructions and structural analyses, we found that human arrival would have produced minor changes in the overall structure of trophic networks. However, those few novel interactions established by humans would have created multiple indirect paths among megafaunal species. Indirect paths are the route for indirect effects such as competition and increase the vulnerability of interaction networks to perturbations. After the extinctions of most of the megafauna, the impoverished network became structurally simpler and densely connected. Our reconstructions of past trophic networks show that multiple indirect effects, potentially contributing to extinctions, can emerge even from a limited number of novel interactions and illustrate how network organization can affect and be affected by extinctions events. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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页数:11
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