Supernova constraints on massive (pseudo)scalar coupling to neutrinos

In this paper we derive constraints on the emission of a massive (pseudo) scalar S from annihilation of neutrinos in the core of supernovae through the dimension-4 coupling nu nu S, as well as the effective dimension-5 operator 1/Lambda (nu nu)(SS). While most of earlier studies have focused on massless or ultralight scalars, our analysis involves scalar with masses of order eV-GeV which can be copiously produced during the explosion of supernovae, whose core temperature is generally of order T similar to O (10) MeV. From the luminosity and deleptonization arguments regarding the observation of SN1987A, we exclude a large range of couplings 10(-12) less than or similar to vertical bar g alpha beta vertical bar less than or similar to 10(-5) for the dimension-4 case, depending on the neutrino flavours involved and the scalar mass. In the case of dimension-5 operator, for a scalar mass from MeV to 100 MeV the coupling h(alpha beta) constrained from 10(-6) to 10(-2), with the cutoff scale explicitly set Lambda = 1 TeV. We finally show that if the neutrino burst of a nearby supernova explosion is detected by Super-Kamiokande and IceCube, the constraints will be largely reinforced.