Tropical tree species diversity in a mountain system in southern Mexico: local and regional patterns and determinant factors

被引:22
|
作者
Martinez-Camilo, Ruben [1 ,2 ]
Gonzalez-Espinosa, Mario [1 ]
Ramirez-Marcial, Neptali [1 ]
Cayuela, Luis [3 ]
Angel Perez-Farrera, Miguel [2 ]
机构
[1] Colegio Frontera Sur ECOSUR, Dept Conservac Biodiversidad, Carretera Panamer & Perifer Sur S-N, San Cristobal Casas 29290, Chiapas, Mexico
[2] Univ Ciencias & Artes Chiapas UNICACH, Inst Ciencias Biol, Libramiento Norte Poniente 1150, Tuxtla Gutierrez 29030, Chiapas, Mexico
[3] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Dept Biol Geol Fis & Quim Inorgan, C Tulipan S-N, E-28933 Madrid, Spain
关键词
climatic factors; diversity determinants; elevation gradient; Sierra Madre of Chiapas; tropical mountains; RICHNESS PATTERNS; ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT; ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT; FOREST STRUCTURE; SOIL NUTRIENTS; COMMUNITY; SCALE; CONSERVATION; DISTURBANCE; SPECIATION;
D O I
10.1111/btp.12535
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Mechanisms explaining patterns of biodiversity along elevation gradients in tropical mountain systems remain controversial. We use a set of climatic, topographic, and soil variables encompassing regional, landscape, and local-level spatial scales to explain the spatial variation of tree species diversity in the Sierra Madre of Chiapas, Mexico. We sampled 128 circular plots (0.1-ha each) in four elevational bands along four elevation gradients or transects encompassing 100-2200m. A total of 12,533 trees belonging to 444 species were recorded. Diversity patterns along the elevation gradient and the explanatory power of independent variables were dependent on spatial scale (regional vs transect) and functional group (total vs late-successional or pioneer species). Diversity of all species and late-successional species (1 - proportion of pioneer species) showed a constant pattern at the regional and transect scales, with low predictive power of climatic variables and/or elevation. A linear decrease in either number or proportion of pioneer species diversity was observed with increasing elevation, which was correlated with temperature, rainfall, and human disturbance trends. Total species diversity showed an increase with rainfall of the warmest quarter, indicating a regional-level limiting effect of seasonality (drought duration). Yet the explanatory power of climatic and topographic variables was higher at the individual transect level than at the regional scale, suggesting the parallel but differential influence of evolutionary and geological history factors on diversification not so far studied to explain elevation patterns of species diversity in tropical mountain systems. Resumen Determinar el efecto de los mecanismos sobre la variacion de la biodiversidad en los sistemas montanosos es aun controversial. Se utilizo un conjunto de variables climaticas, topograficas y edaficas de importancia a nivel regional, de paisaje y local para explicar la variacion espacial de la diversidad de arboles en la Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico. Se evaluaron 128 parcelas circulares (0.1-ha cada una) distribuidas en cuatro bandas de altitud a lo largo de cuatro transectos que incluyen una amplitud altitudinal de 100-2200m. Se censaron 12,533 individuos de arboles de 444 especies. Los patrones de diversidad y el efecto de las variables evaluadas fueron dependientes de la escala espacial de estudio (regional vs transecto) y del grupo funcional (diversidad total vs diversidad de especies pioneras). Los patrones de diversidad total y de especies tardias (1 - porcentaje de especies pioneras) a nivel regional y en algunos transectos, fueron constantes a lo largo del gradiente altitudinal, con un bajo poder predictivo de las variables climaticas y/o altitud. La diversidad de especies pioneras disminuyo al incrementar la altitud (correlacionada a su vez con la temperatura, precipitacion y el disturbio humano). La diversidad total se incremento ligeramente con el incremento en la precipitacion del trimestre mas calido, indicando un efecto a nivel regional de la estacionalidad (duracion de la sequia). El poder predictivo de las variables climaticas y topograficas se incremento a nivel de transecto mas que en el nivel regional, lo cual sugiere una influencia paralela pero diferenciada de factores evolutivos y geologicos, hasta ahora no suficientemente abordados, para explicar los patrones de diversidad de especies en sistemas montanosos tropicales.
引用
收藏
页码:499 / 509
页数:11
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