Microbiological quality of reclaimed water used for golf courses' irrigation

被引:12
|
作者
Alonso, M. C.
Dionisio, L. P. C.
Bosch, A.
Pereira de Moura, B. S.
Garcia-Rosado, E.
Borrego, J. J.
机构
[1] Univ Malaga, Dept Microbiol, E-29071 Malaga, Spain
[2] Univ Algarve, FERN, P-8000 Faro, Portugal
[3] Univ Barcelona, Dept Microbiol, Enter Virus Lab, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
关键词
enteric viruses; golf courses; irrigation; Legionella pneumophila; microbiological quality; reclaimed wastewater;
D O I
10.2166/wst.2006.456
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Microbial quality of reclaimed water used for irrigation in two golf courses located in the southern Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) was evaluated. Bacterial indicators for faecal pollution (total and faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and enterococci) were tested by membrane filtration using appropriate selective media. In addition, somatic E. coli bacteriophages, enteric viruses (entero-, hepatitis A and rota-) and Legionella pneumophila were also analysed. The results obtained showed that all wastewater treatment processes reduced adequately the number of indicator microorganisms although a significant correlation between pathogenic and indicator microorganisms tested was not found. L. pneumophila was detected by PCR but not confirmed by culture. Survival experiments of pathogenic microorganisms in aerosols and irrigated turf are conducted to determine the health hazards for the golf practice and to propose a microbial standard for wastewater used for irrigation of golf courses.
引用
收藏
页码:109 / 117
页数:9
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