Situational Analysis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Focus of the Disease, Southeastern Iran

Background: Leishmaniasis is one of the most important vector-borne diseases in Iran, existing in a variety of forms ranging from cutaneous to visceral forms. Jask County has been recognized as an endemic focus of the disease in the southeastern region of Iran. This study analyzed the situation of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) during 2006-2014. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on CL data got from health sector. ArcGIS 10.3 was exploited for the spatial analysis of CL. Potential high-risk areas of the disease regarding its' current geographical distribution were considered. Results: Overall, 874 CL cases had been registered in the district health center, implying an average incidence of 162.5per 100000. More than 90% of the cases emerged from rural areas. The disease is geographically distributed in the southeastern regions of Jask County. Over one-third of the total study area can be classified as high-risk areas, involving 61 villages with a total population of about 18000. Remarkably, altitude and total precipitation were realized to play key roles in CL transmission within the study area. Conclusion: Although the national protocol for the control of ZCL recommends the substantial destruction of rodent colonies serving as reservoirs of the disease in infected foci, critical improvement of the knowledge of the residents in these areas is crucial for community-based management of the disease in Jask County.