Evidence from the Productive Safety Net Programme in Ethiopia: Complementarities between social protection and health policies

Motivation Social protection policies typically involve multiple sectors, ranging from food security to health care. Despite this, limited research is directed toward understanding how different social protection programmes complement each other. Purpose We explore complementarities between three major national social protection programmes in rural Ethiopia: the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP), the Community Based Health Insurance (CBHI) scheme and the Health Fee Waiver (HFW) system. Approach and methods We use secondary data from districts in which the PSNP operates to study the coverage of the CBHI and the HFW schemes. We then quantify the prevalence of health shocks reported by poor households and calculate the annual out-of-pocket (OOP) health care expenses incurred by poor households in these districts. Findings We find limited overlap between the PSNP and the CBHI or HFW schemes. In districts in which the CBHI operates, about 22% of the PSNP households are enrolled into CBHI. For 10% of all PSNP households, the CBHI insurance premium was waived due to their poverty status. In non-CBHI districts, 3.5% of PSNP households report having benefitted from HFW. Moreover, many households report serious health shocks that resulted in loss of consumption or assets. The estimated OOP health expenditures are high, even among those households enrolled into CBHI or benefitting from HFW. Policy implications Taken together, these findings suggest that there is scope to improve the linkages between these three major social protection programmes in Ethiopia to protect the poorest and most vulnerable households.