Basic discussion of boundary condition of smoothed particle hydrodynamics for analysis of cerebral contusion

Analysis of cerebral contusion using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is presented. When a human head is subjected to external impacts in cases of crashing with cars in traffic accidents, a person falling down and etc., damage is often observed in the brain. It is called cerebral contusion which means damage of the brain of the human head. Although cerebral contusion which is called coup is usually observed at an impacted side of the head, it may be also observed at an opposite side, which is called contrecoup. There is no reasonable explanation of contrecoup. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics method, which is one of the meshfree methods, can calculate impact analyses including fracture. In the present paper, we analyse the damage of the head using the SPH method and obtain the stress distribution of the brain when the head collides with a glass of a car. We obtain the distribution of stress to cause cerebral contusion.