The location of the bladder neck in postoperative cystography predicts continence convalescence after radical prostatectomy

Background: This study was conducted to determine whether the location of the bladder neck in postoperative cystography predicts recovery of continence after radical prostatectomy. Methods: Between 2008 and 2015, 203 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP, n = 99) and robot assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP, n = 104) were analyzed. The location of the bladder neck was visualized by postoperative routine cystography, and quantitative evaluation of the bladder neck position was performed according to the bladder neck to pubic symphysis (BNPS) ratio proposed by Olgin et al. (J Endourol, 2014). Recovery of continence was defined as no pad use or one security pad per day. To determine the predictive factors for recovery of continence at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, several parameters were analyzed using logistic regression analysis, including age (<= 68 vs. > 68, BMI (<= 23.4 vs. > 23.4 kg/m(2)), surgical procedure (LRP vs. RARP), prostate volume (<= 38 vs. > 38 mL), nerve-sparing technique, vesico-urethral anastomosis leakage, and BNPS ratio (<= 0.59 vs. > 0.59). Results: The mean postoperative follow-up was 1131 days (79-2880). At 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery, continence recovery rates were 25, 53, 68 and 81%, respectively. Although older age (> 68) and RARP were significant risk factors for incontinence within 3 months, neither was significant after 6 months. A high BNPS ratio (> 0.59) was the only significant risk factor for the persistence of incontinence at all observation points, up to 12 months. Conclusions: A lower bladder neck position after prostatectomy predicts prolonged incontinence.