SIGIRR/TIR8: a potential therapeutic target for inflammation treatment

Inflammation is a fundamental response to tissue injury and invasion of pathogens, but it is detrimental in clinically important inflammatory disorders. Despite the extended use of conventional anti-inflammatory drugs there is a need for new drugs and therapeutic targets to overcome the high risk disadvantages related to such use. SIGIRR/TIR8 is a phylogenetically conserved molecule which is widely expressed in the organism and plays a key role in innate immune response and T helper polarization. It regulates NF-kB pathway triggered by IL1R1 and TLRs. The ability to dampen signaling from ILRs and TLRs family members makes TIR8/SIGIRR a key regulator of inflammation. This review summarizes the most recent and outstanding evidences on SIGIRR/TIR8 expression and regulation which make this molecule a promising target for new drugs development in anti-inflammatory therapy against autoimmune diseases (e. g. systemic lupus erythematosus), rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, gut inflammation diseases and others.