Aqueous Humor Growth Factor Levels and Trabeculectomy Outcomes in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients: A 2-Year Prospective Study

Purpose: Maintenance of a filtering bleb is essential for long-term intraocular pressure control after trabeculectomy. Surgical site fibrosis and excessive extracellular matrix production are common causes of trabeculectomy failure, mediated by several growth factors. We aimed to evaluate the levels of five growth factors and their correlation with trabeculectomy outcomes in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: We collected aqueous humor samples intraoperatively from patients with POAG who underwent trabeculectomy and measured the concentrations of transforming growth factor-0 (TGF-0), acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), insulin-like growth factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor using multiplexed immunoassay kits. Intraocular pressure was measured with Goldmann applanation tonometry at 1 week and at 1, 3, 6,12,18, and 24 months after trabeculectomy. We allocated the eyes based on surgical outcome into a success or failure group. Results: Significantly high levels of aFGF and TGF-0 were observed in the failure group (both P < 0.0001) and were significant risk factors for trabeculectomy outcomes. Higher success rates were observed over the 24-month follow-up period in eyes with low aFGF and TGF-0 levels compared to eyes with high levels (P = 0.0031 and P = 0.0007, respectively). The levels of TGF-0 were significantly positively correlated with aFGF. Conclusions: In POAG patients, high aFGF and TGF-0 levels were significant risk factors for trabeculectomy failure. Translational Relevance: Modulation of aFGF and TGF-0 expression may have potential clinical applications after filtration surgery.