Fertility preservation in children and adolescents with cancer

Background Survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer with a desire to have children may face fertility impairment due to the cancer itself or as a consequence of treatment. Objectives Prevalence and risk factors of fertility impairment were evaluated. Available fertility preserving treatments are discussed. Materials and methods The current literature, guidelines and legal situation in Germany and Switzerland concerning fertility preservation in children and adolescents are assessed. Results Fertility impairment following chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy occurs in approximately one third of cancer patients and in more than two thirds of patients who underwent stem cell transplantation. According to the G-BA (German: Gemeinsame Bundesausschuss) resolution of July 2020, the cryopreservation of egg and sperm cells as well as the associated medical measures will be covered by the statutory health insurance under certain conditions in Germany in the future. Conclusions Survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer should be reassured regarding their desire to have children. The treating physician should provide comprehensive medical information about the individual risk of fertility disorders and fertility-preserving measures. Sufficient and early counseling allows patients and their families to make a self-determined decision on their (future) family planning.