Congestion and its diagnosis in decompensated chronic heart failure

Congestion in patients with decompensated chronic heart failure (HF) not only reflects heart muscle failure, but its pathophysiological mechanisms are heterogeneous. High filling pressures promote HF progression and cell death. Congestion is one of the main predictors of poor patient outcome in patients with HF; however, it is difficult to assess, especially when symptoms are mild. Although numerous clinical scores, imaging tools, and biomarkers tests are available to help clinicians determine and quantify congestion, not all are appropriate for use at all stages of patient treatment, and there are great difficulties in diagnosis. congestive patterns. Part of this failure is explained not only by the lateness of the clinical presentation, but also by the frequent dissociation between the clinical examination and hemodynamic profiles. Knowing and intervening early hemodynamic congestion patterns (preclinical stage) has favorable effects on quality of life and survival. In recent years, multi-method evaluation has become a very important tool to prevent hospitalizations for HF. Therapeutic interventions aimed at lowering elevated pulmonary capillary pressure change the prognosis of this population, with a greater impact than the improvement in HE Technological advances will make it possible to detect early hemodynamic variations. Our greatest challenge is to implement new management strategies based on recent technologies.