ToA based Sensor Localization in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Currently several kinds of sensor localization methods have been developed for terrestrial wireless sensor networks. In this paper, in order to extend the field to underwater environments, we study sensor localization technique for underwater wireless sensor networks(UWSNs). In underwater environments, radio frequency(RF) signal is not suitable for underwater usage because of extremely limited propagation. Because of that reason UWSNs should be constituted with acoustic modems. So we need a new localization algorithm to determine each sensors position. First of all we study the localization techniques for terrestrial environments where we investigate possible methods to underwater environment. And then we present the appropriate algorithm in the underwater usage. Finally we, evaluate the underwater based localization algorithm using computer based different conditions among communication range of sensor node, the nodes number and position of reference node.