Pre-operative evaluation in pediatric patients with cortical dysplasia

Introduction Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is an important cause of refractory seizures and catastrophic epilepsy in infants and children who had epilepsy surgery. This manuscript will discuss age-related unique clinical characteristics in evaluation of infants and young children because the understanding of these age-related features is critical in selecting children who can benefit from epilepsy surgery. In addition, we will review the non-invasive tools available for the presurgical evaluation of children with FCD and their individual contribution to the formulation of the presurgical hypothesis.