Approaches for Forgery Detection of Documents in Digital Forensics: A Review

The current technological era is witnessing a great revolution in the development of online applications. They are used for a variety of purposes when it comes to processing documents. A vast amount of online software applications is currently available for professionally editing documents. One of their most dangerous aspects is the manipulation/imitating of original documents. In this context, digital forensics science provides a lot of tools for examining documents from being forged or counterfeited. Moreover, most of the works in the literature focused on a particular aspect of digital forensics. However, this work provides a comprehensive review on the three main aspects of digital forensics; namely, image-processing-based, video-processing-based, and spectroscopy-based detection techniques. The review also provides the most recent updates in these aspects when detecting forged or counterfeited documents, which is of interest to the research community. Finally, this work can be considered a reliable guide for fresh digital forensics researchers.