The relationship between the multilevel state and NGOs in China: the case of social work organizations

In this article the emergence of a new supportive relationship between the state and NGOs in China is exemplified by a case study of social work organisations (SWOs) in Guangdong Province. The research utilised mixed methods including policy and documentary analysis, secondary data analysis and primary data collection (in-depth interviews and questionnaire survey). We report a rapid increase in state support for NGOs and a new approach to purchasing social services, and explore the developing ties between them in which the former is cultivating the latter. The article describes and analyses this new relationship between SWOs and the multi-level state in China. At the formative stage the state is collaborator, supporter and dominant actor. Once established, however, these new NGOs may develop their own agendas and we conclude by highlighting the challenges facing them and the state if they are to move towards partnership.