Confined Metamaterial Structures Based on Coordinate Transformations

We apply transformation optics to structures in which the electromagnetic field is confined by highly conducting coatings. The possibility of changing the field propagation direction without perturbation is demonstrated on the example of a waveguide bend. Using this approach it is also possible to reshape a confined structure in order to meet certain external requirements and to redistribute a field in order to obtain desired field distribution. The structure implementation implies replacing a part of given confined structure with a metamaterial designed using the technique of transformation optics. Simplification of structure realization based on using reduced set of material parameters is examined. Our theoretical considerations are confirmed by full wave finite element simulations of a waveguide bend.