Insights into the Multifaceted Applications of Architectural Concrete: A State-of-the-Art Review

The application of colour, form and texture to a concrete surface can transform the visual aspect of a structure. Such structural or non-structural elements possessing aesthetic finish exposed as an interior or exterior surface in the completed structure is usually termed as 'Architectural Concrete'. The term 'Architectural Concrete' was coined in the year 1924 by a US architectural sculptor named John J. Earley. Over the years, many designers are fabricating architectural concrete blocks of several textures, colour and outline to deliver a vast range of structural appearance options. Architectural concrete is suitable for both structural and veneer applications. Archi-structural units offer economic and environmental benefits from their systematic combination of structural load-bearing, elegance and surface finish properties. Architectural concrete is often an economical and eco-friendly choice for crafting exterior or interior wall surfaces compared to the ceramic or stone finishing; however, it is unreasonable to procure at a structural concrete price. This review provides comprehensive information about the design and fabrication of architectural concrete, including forms, fabrication materials and its applications. The serviceability and durability aspects; production cost and the economy of the architectural concrete are also discussed in detail. Architectural concrete is the advanced solution, regardless of whether it is for structural engineering, economic or aesthetic reasons.