The GINS complex, originally discovered in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Xenopus laevis, binds to DNA replication origins shortly before the onset of S phase and travels with the replication forks after initiation. In this study we present a detailed characterization of the human GINS (hGINS) homolog. Using new antibodies that allow the detection of endogenous hGINS in cells and tissues, we have examined its expression, abundance, subcellular localization and association with other DNA replication proteins. Expression of hGINS is restricted to actively proliferating cells. During the S phase, hGINS becomes part of a Cdc45MCMGINS (CMG) complex that is assembled on chromatin. Down-regulation of hGINS destabilizes CMG, causes a G1S arrest and slows down ongoing DNA replication, effectively blocking cell proliferation. Our data support the notion that hGINS is an essential component of the human replisome.
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Indiana Univ, Mol & Cellular Biochem Dept, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USAIndiana Univ, Mol & Cellular Biochem Dept, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
Xu, Yuli
Gristwood, Tamzin
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Sir William Dunn Sch Pathol, Oxford OX1 3RE, England
Oxford PharmaGenesis Ltd, Oxford OX13 5QJ, EnglandIndiana Univ, Mol & Cellular Biochem Dept, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
Gristwood, Tamzin
Hodgson, Ben
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Sir William Dunn Sch Pathol, Oxford OX1 3RE, England
Univ Manchester, Canc Res UK Manchester Inst, Manchester M20 4BX, Lancs, EnglandIndiana Univ, Mol & Cellular Biochem Dept, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
Hodgson, Ben
Trinidad, Jonathan C.
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Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USAIndiana Univ, Mol & Cellular Biochem Dept, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
Trinidad, Jonathan C.
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Albers, Sonja-Verena
Bell, Stephen D.
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Indiana Univ, Mol & Cellular Biochem Dept, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USAIndiana Univ, Mol & Cellular Biochem Dept, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA