High Temperature Electrolysis in Alkaline Cells, Solid Proton Conducting Cells, and Solid Oxide Cells

The widespread use of fossil fuels within the current energy infrastructure is considered as one of the largest sources of carbon dioxide emissions, which is argued to cause global warming and climate changes. One of the top energy priorities is therefore exploring environmentally friendly alternatives to fossil fuels and thereby reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Hydrogen offers significant promise as a basis for a future energy technology, and is argued to be the most versatile, efficient, and environmentally friendly fuel, although handling of hydrogen may be problematic. To decrease the cost of renewable hydrogen, a massive research effort in the technologies of harvesting renewable energy as well as in the conversion technologies is necessary.