Wet deposition of polychlorinated Biphenyls in urban and background areas of the mid-Atlantic states

Spatial and temporal trends of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in precipitation were measured at urban and background sites as part of the New Jersey Atmospheric Deposition Network (NJADN). The volume weighted mean concentration (VWM) of SigmaPCBs (sum of PCBs) based on precipitation measurements at three background sites was in the range of 0.30-0.50 ng/L. Concentrations in precipitation at two urban-industrial sites were on average 7-43 times higher than background concentrations. Wet deposition fluxes of SigmaPCBs at the two urbanized sites were 16 +/- 3.4 and 3.9 +/- 0.72 mug/m(2)yr, while the background flux was approximately 0.30 mug/m(2)yr. On average, 97% of the total atmospheric washout (W(T)) of PCBs resulted from particle scavenging. The fraction of atmospheric PCBs on particles was the best predictor of atmospheric washout in both urban (log W(T) = 0.71 (+/-0.049) log phi + 4.9 (+/-0.11); r(2) = 0.81) and nonurban areas (log W(T) = 0.77 (+/-0.083) log phi + 5.6 (+/-0.16); r(2) = 0.64). Wet deposition fluxes of SigmaPCBs are of the same order of magnitude as dry-particle deposition fluxes in all land-use regimes.