Elevated levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with bladder cancer depending on a tumor stage

Bladder Cancer (BC) is a common disease worldwide. Chronic inflammation is one of the key mechanisms for the development of BC. This study enrolled 40 patients. Preoperative plasma levels of IL-1 beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 beta, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were determined by ELISA. In our study, we observed diverse changes in the levels of cytokines in patients with BC Stage I, II, III and IV. The levels of IL-1 beta was increased for stage I, stage II, and stage III. The level of TNF-alpha was increased for stage II, stage III, stage IV. The levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 beta were increased in patients with stage III and IV only. The levels of IFN-gamma declined for stage II, stage III and stage IV with the lowest levels in patients with Stage IV. In our study, we investigated alteration in levels of Th-1 and Th-2-like cytokine profile, but some deficiency in Th1- status discovered in patients with BC.