Landscape framework for the exploitation of renewable energy resources and potentials in urban scale (case study: Iran)

This study provides a meta-analysis of renewable landscape energies in Iran. In order to do this effectively, we identify and estimate the amount of wind, solar, geothermal, biomass and tidal energy in Iran, identifying the potential for exchanging RE with neighboring countries, and methods for utilizing these energies in architectural design and landscape design. Data used are collecting from local and world databases and presented for analysis using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that the level of achievements of the stated goals is generally low. The plurality of RE documents and offices, lack of operational programs and sub-optimal use of private sector capacity are the main weaknesses. It is further concluded that if conditions were more conducive to private sector participation and appropriate operational and action plans were adopted, Iran could supply solar energy to Azerbaijan, wind energy to Turkmenistan and Afghanistan, and can supply Iraq with hydropower. Ultimately it is proposed that the adoption of a comprehensive and integrated RE policy which minimizes the number of policy documents and concentrates RE management in a small number of offices is an important factor in facilitating the success of renewable energies in Iran. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.