Prediction of pathological staging and grading of renal clear cell carcinoma based on deep learning algorithms

Objective: Deep learning algorithms were used to develop a model for predicting the staging and grading of renal clear cell carcinoma to inform clinicians' treatment plans. Methods: Clinical and pathological information was collected from 878 patients diagnosed with renal clear cell carcinoma in the Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital. The patients were randomly assigned to the test set (n = 702) or the verification set (n = 176). Pathological staging and grading of renal clear cell carcinoma were predicted by preoperative clinical variables using deep learning algorithms. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy as measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: For tumor pathological staging, AUC values of 0.933, 0.947, and 0.948 were obtained using the BiLSTM, CNN-BiLSTM, and CNN-BiGRU models, respectively. For tumor pathological grading, the AUC values were 0.754, 0.720, and 0.770, respectively. Conclusions: The proposed model for predicting renal clear cell carcinoma allows for accurate projection of the staging and grading of renal clear cell carcinoma and helps clinicians optimize individual treatment plans.