Reproductive success of assisted reproductive technology in couples with chromosomal abnormalities

Purpose Infertility is estimated to affect 15% of couples, having chromosome abnormalities an important role in its etiology. The main objective of this work was to access the reproductive success of ART in infertile couples with chromosomal abnormalities comparing to a control group with normal karyotype. Methods A 7-year retrospective karyotype analysis of infertile couples was done. Data regarding type of infertility, couples' ages, ART performed, and their reproductive success were obtained. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) were used to estimate magnitude of association between the reproductive success and the different groups. Results We found a prevalence of 7.83% of chromosome abnormalities in our population (233 couples out of 2989). Chromosomal anomalies were found in 82 men (34.75%) and 154 women (65.25%), with low-grade mosaicism being the most prevalent (50.85%), followed by autosomal translocations (17.37%) and sex chromosomes abnormalities (13.56%). Only 2359 couples were treated with ART. There was a non-significant lower reproductive success rate in the cases (OR = 0.899, p = 0.530) with IVF providing the higher success rate. In general, female carriers of chromosome anomalies had a higher success rate, although not significant. Conclusion Although the differences regarding success rate between groups were not found statistically significant, we still advocate that cytogenetic analysis should be performed routinely in all infertile couples namely before ART. This might help deciding the best treatment options including Preimplantation Genetic Testing for aneuploidies or structural rearrangements and minimize the risk of transmission of anomalies to the offspring.