The Birth of the European Union: Challenging the Myth of the Civilian Power Narrative

"Die "Zivilmacht EU" im Lichte der Planungen zur "Europaischen Verteidigungsgemeinschaft" (EVG). Kritik eines Deutungsmusters". The virtues of counterfactual thinking in history lie in its potential to induce critical reflection on the past and to highlight historical alternatives, thereby enabling the reassessment of prevailing interpretation patterns. This article illustrates these points with reference to the European Defence Community (EDC) and its conflicting relationship with the "civilian power"-character the EU claims to hold. Despite of its failure in 1954, EDC's sheer existence suffices for problematizing the inevitability of EU's civilian character as a pre-determined feature arising from integration history. Therefore a specific counterfactual scenario is not needed for criticizing this master narrative. EDC's short history challenges the assumption of deliberate choice in favour of "civilianness" in European external relations, and underlines the general openness of historical processes on this background.