Metabolomic profiling of three brain regions from a postnatal infected Borna disease virus Hu-H1 rat model

Neonatal rat infection with Borna disease virus (BDV), termed neonatal Borna disease, is an established model for investigating the BDV-associated pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental abnormalities. BDV produces a persistent noncytolytic infection in all culture cell systems assayed to date, while persistent infection in neonatal rats results in a progressive loss of hippocampal granule cells, cerebellar Purkinje cells, and cortical GABA-ergic neurons. Persistent infection also results in behavioral deficits including hyperactivity, cognitive impairment, and abnormal social behavior. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuronal degeneration and behavioral abnormalities remain unclear. Using a metabolomic approach based on gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry in conjunction with statistical pattern recognition, the metabolic changes in response to BDV Hu-H1 infection were characterized in the rat hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex. Metabonomic profiling revealed significant perturbations in nucleotide (e.g., adenosine, uracil, inosine, adenosine-5'-monophosphate, uridine-5'-monophosphate, d-ribose 5-phosphate, and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate), amino acid (e.g., lysine, glycine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline, serine, cysteine, aspartic acid, pyroglutamic acid, and gamma-aminobutyric acid), lipid (e.g., cholesterol, myristic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, 1-monopalmitoylglycerol, and arachidonic acid), and energy (e.g., glucose, lactose, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, and pyruvic acid) metabolites. These metabolites participate in pathways crucial to viral proliferation and neurotransmitter homeostasis. This metabolomic profiling study provides insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of BDV and new directions with which to investigate the in vivo effects of persistent BDV infection.