Comorbidity of Lifetime Alcohol Use Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder in San Juan, Puerto Rico

Objective: The purpose of this study was to update estimates of comorbidity between lifetime alcohol use disorder (AUD) severity and lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Method: Data are from a household random sample of 1,510 individuals (816 female) 18-64 years of age in San Juan, Puerto Rico. AUD and MDD identification follow criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition and Fourth Edition, respectively, both implemented with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). It is possible to implement DSM-5 AUD identification with the CIDI, but only DSM-IV criteria can be applied to identify MDD. Results: The prevalence of lifetime MDD was 11% among men, 17% among women, and 14% for both genders; the prevalence of lifetime AUD was 38% among men, 16% among women, and 26% for both genders. Among those with AUD, the rate of MDD was 17% among men and 35% among women. Among those without AUD the rate of MDD was 7% among men and 15% among women. Results of multiple logistic regression analysis controlling for gender, illegal drug use, age, level of family cohesion, religion, employment status, marital status, education, and family annual income showed that AUD severity was positively associated with the likelihood of MDD, as follows: mild AUD, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.78 (95% CI [1.09, 2.91], p <.05); moderate AUD, AOR = 2.58 (95% CI [1.33, 5.01], p <.01); and severe AUD, AOR = 3.34 (95% CI [1.70, 6.56], p <.01). Conclusions: MDD frequently occurs as a comorbid condition with AUD in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The frequency of occurrence increases as AUD severity increases. AUD treatment providers should therefore be equally prepared to treat these two comorbid conditions.