Recent advances in the application of metal-organic frameworks for sample pretreatment

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely applied in the fields of energy storage, catalysis, sensing, and separation. Their diverse structural topologies, large surface areas, and tunable pore sizes, also make MOFs great application potential in sample pretreatment. New sample pretreatment methods using MOFs are continually being developed. This review summaries the state-of-the art for the application of the powders, films, nanosheets and composites of MOFs in sample pretreatment, including solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, and magnetic solid phase extraction. Future prospects of MOFs in sample pre-treatment are also presented.