Influence of hydrophilic surfactants on the properties of multiple W/O/W emulsions

Multiple W/O/W emulsions for topical application using Span 80 as a lipophilic emulsifier were prepared. Several hydrophilic emulsifiers were tested in respect of their suitability for the preparation of multiple emulsions. In addition, the effect of different oil-phase compositions on emulsion stability was investigated. The physicochemical parameters of the formulations were characterized and their long-term stability was evaluated by means of theological measurements, droplet size observations and conductivity analysis. As discovered, the modification of an oil-phase composition results in a decrease in the diffusion coefficient of water and water-soluble substances and, consequently, in enhanced stability. The influence of the release of electrolytes from the inner to the outer water phase on the emulsion stability behaviour was investigated. It was found, that the effect of the hydrophilic emulsifiers on the formulation properties is related not only to its HLB value, but rather to its chemical composition. As a result, polyethoxylated ethers of fatty alcohols (C = 16-18) with HLBs between 15.3 and 16.2 appear to be the most suitable ones for creating stable formulations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.