Localization and tracking of passive RFID tags

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is poised for growth as businesses and governments explore applications implementing RFID. The RFID technology will continue to evolve to meet new demands for human and target location and tracking. In particular, there are increasing needs to find and track the positions of multiple RFID tagged items that are closely spaced. As a result, localization and tracking techniques with higher accuracy, yet low implementation complexity are required. This paper examines the applicability of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation methods to the localization and tracking problems of passive RFID tags. Different scenarios of stationary and moving targets are considered. It is shown through performance analysis and simulations that simple DOA estimation methods can be used to provide satisfactory localization performance.