Treatment options for geriatric bladder dysfunction

Urinary incontinence in the elderly is caused primarily by multiple factors such as physiologic changes of old age connected with multimorbidity and functional deficiencies, polypharmacology, psychosociological influences as well as conditions of the milieu. All these factors have to be carefully considered for therapy to be effective. Continence should be the goal of such therapy. Active participation in daily life can also be achieved by using auxiliary devices to improve the impaired quality of life. Temporary incontinence demands the search for its cause, while chronic incontinence calls for a differentiated form of therapy according to the kind of incontinence encountered. Conservative treatment consists of behavior therapy, such as toilet - (habit) - training and pelvic floor exercises. The use of drugs and auxiliary devices are equally important.