The effect of temperature on the development and reproduction of Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The effect of temperature on the reproduction and development of Busseola fusca was studied under laboratory conditions. Single male-female pairs were confined to oviposition chambers kept at 15, 20, 26 and 30 +/- 1 degrees C and a 14L:10D photoperiod. Data on reproduction parameters were captured daily. Oviposition occurred at all the mentioned temperatures but no fertility was recorded at 30 degrees C. The total number of eggs laid per female moth was between 300 and 400 and the optimum temperature for oviposition and fertility was between 20 and 26 degrees C. Larval development was studied at five different temperature regimes, i.e. 15, 18, 20, 26 and 30 +/- 1 degrees C and a 14L:10D photoperiod. The most favourable temperature as well as the upper threshold temperature for larval development was between 26 and 30 degrees C. Total development period was 152.6-52.6 days, respectively, at 15 degrees C, and 26-30 degrees C. The thermal constants for B. fusca was 99.50, 536.48, 246.25 and 893.66 degrees D and lower temperature thresholds were 10.36, 8.14, 8.99 and 8.84 degrees C, for completion of the egg, larval, pupal and egg-to-adult stages, respectively. Results on the thermal constants and lower and upper threshold temperatures of B. fusca can be used to predict the impact of climate change on the distribution and population growth of this pest.