Entanglement in ground and excited states of gapped free-fermion systems and their relationship with Fermi surface and thermodynamic equilibrium properties

被引:49
|
作者
Storms, Michelle [1 ,2 ]
Singh, Rajiv R. P. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA
[2] Ohio Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Delaware, OH 43015 USA
来源
PHYSICAL REVIEW E | 2014年 / 89卷 / 01期
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
QUANTUM; THERMALIZATION; ENTROPY;
D O I
10.1103/PhysRevE.89.012125
中图分类号
O35 [流体力学]; O53 [等离子体物理学];
学科分类号
070204 ; 080103 ; 080704 ;
摘要
We study bipartite entanglement entropies in the ground and excited states of free-fermion models, where a staggered potential, mu(s), induces a gap in the spectrum. Ground-state entanglement entropies satisfy the "area law", and the "area-law" coefficient is found to diverge as a logarithm of the staggered potential, when the system has an extended Fermi surface at mu(s) = 0. On the square lattice, we show that the coefficient of the logarithmic divergence depends on the Fermi surface geometry and its orientation with respect to the real-space interface between subsystems and is related to the Widom conjecture as enunciated by Gioev and Klich [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 100503 (2006)]. For point Fermi surfaces in two-dimension, the "area-law" coefficient stays finite as mu(s) -> 0. The von Neumann entanglement entropy associated with the excited states follows a " volume law" and allows us to calculate an entropy density function s(V) (e), which is substantially different from the thermodynamic entropy density function s(T) (e), when the lattice is bipartitioned into two equal subsystems but approaches the thermodynamic entropy density as the fraction of sites in the larger subsystem, that is integrated out, approaches unity.
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页数:7
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