Thermal comfort of urban spaces using simulation tools exploring street orientation influence of on the outdoor thermal comfort: a case study of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

At present, the environmental quality of urban regions and outdoor spaces has turn out to be one of the main issues facing both climatologists and designers, which could be identified through their research outcomes. It is argued that the urban configuration affects the micro-climate of the urban outdoor spaces. The street's orientation form was identified as an element, which impacts the urban environment with regards of receiving passive solar, solar radiation and reflection against urban absorption, wind flow and the possible urban cooling techniques. The key purpose of this study is to look into the urban configuration factors affecting the human thermal outdoor comfort in Jeddah city as an example of hot humid climate regions. To accomplish its aim, the research is divided to two sections. The first one illustrates the problem of the research, then generally reviews the literature associated with the outdoor human thermal comfort; in addition, it discusses the relationship between street orientation and micro-climate. The second section highlight the assessments carried out between four different orientations of urban streets from two different districts in Jeddah city, using ENVI-met software. The research adopts three environmental variables to be examined, namely air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity together with pedestrian thermal comfort as indicators for predicted mean vote, during summer and winter seasons. The outcomes of the comparison assist to identify decisions related street networks to achieve the desirable human outdoor thermal comfort in such an urban environment.