Czech literature in the first half of the 19th century between state and national censorship

Czech literature and literary life in the first half of the 19th century were considerably affected by the censorship wielded by Austrian state power and its legal and organizational system, as well as by the Czech patriotic elite itself, which by using the tactics of prior censorship on Czech books and journals, attempted to avoid conflicts with the Hapsburg throne and thus to protect the space that had been gained to cultivate the Czech language, literature and science. This paper analyses several cases of such national censorship.