Deported Mexican migrants: health status and access to care

OBJECTIVE: To describe the health status and access to care of forced-return Mexican migrants deported through the Mexico-United States border and to compare it with the situation of voluntary-return migrants. METHODS: Secondary data analysis from the Survey on Migration in Mexico's Northern Border from 2012. This is a continuous survey, designed to describe migration flows between Mexico and the United States, with a mobile-population sampling design. We analyzed indicators of health and access to care among deported migrants, and compare them with voluntary-return migrants. Our analysis sample included 2,680 voluntary-return migrants, and 6,862 deportees. We employ an ordinal multiple logistic regression model, to compare the adjusted odds of having worst self-reported health between the studied groups. RESULTS: As compared to voluntary-return migrants, deportees were less likely to have medical insurance in the United States (OR = 0.05; 95% CI 0.04; 0.06). In the regression model a poorer self-perceived health was found to be associated with having been deported (OR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.52; 1.92), as well as age (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.02; 1.03) and years of education (OR = 0.94 95% CI 0.93; 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, deportees had less access to care while in the United States, as compared with voluntary-return migrants. Our results also showed an independent and statistically significant association between deportation and having poorer self-perceived health. To promote the health and access to care of deported Mexican migrants coming back from the United States, new health and social policies are required.